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Antonymy is a kind of lexical opposition formed by a relational pair of words that refer to a relationship from the opposite point of view. This study attempts to explore the problems of antonymy with respect to theoretical and practical lexicography. The data was collected from dictionaries, published works of scientists and lexicographers. The data was analyzed by qualitative means of a historical-analytical approach to explore the application of antonyms as a lexical phenomenon. This approach helped researchers to compile relevant information, classify them into types, make comparisons and attempt to understand their meaning. Besides, the foundational aspect of antonymy was also analyzed and distinguished by stylistic options based on opposites. This approach resulted in finding concepts of usual antonymic opposition and contextual antonymic opposition. Findings also revealed that antonymy is relatively a new term, a late entrant into Kazakh lexicography, although modern lexicography is known as a scientific discipline distinguished by its historical-philological, semantic-lexicological aspects within the framework of modeling the content plan of a language. In addition, antonymous relations are considered in lexicography. The study implies that antonymy has become a means of expressing conceptually opposite phenomena of science and technology. Antonyms not only program the exchange of information, but, on the contrary, maintain the consistency of terminology, help to accurately perform its communicative function.